Abstract. The results of the surgical treatment of 48 patients with lung cancer treated and not treated by the neoadjuvant chemotherapy were presented in the article. It is shown that the neoadjuvant chemotherapy allows to achieve the increasing of resectability of the tumor in patients with locally advanced forms of the lung cancer as well as it increases the proportion of the organ preservation surgery and does not impair the during of the early postoperative period and long-term results of the treatment.
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EFFICIENCY OF ENDOBRONCHIAL ULTRASONOGRAPHY IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF PERIPHERAL LESIONS OF LUNGS
Abstract
Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of endobronchial ultrasonography in the diagnostics of peripheral lesions of lungs. The analysis included 114 patients (69 men and 45 women) who underwent endobronchial ultrasound study using radial mini-probe (scanning frequency 20 MHz) with subsequent transbronchial biopsy of visualized lesions in lungs. Using the radial mini-probe entered into operator channel of bronchoscope, we managed to visualize pathological lesions and to perform transbronchial biopsy of lungs in 100 out of 114 cases. Total effectiveness of transbronchial biopsy of lungs was 88% (88 14 patients (20.9%) the material was not informative. Endobronchial ultrasonography is an effective method for visualization of peripheral neoplasms of the lungs. Prognostic factors of biopsy effectiveness are: size of the lesion ˃20 mm, presence of draining bronchus based on CT data, central position of mini-probe relative to the lesion.
NEW APPROACHES TO THE THERAPY ENDOMETRIAL CANCER PATIENTS WITH A POOR PROGNOSIS
Abstract
Introduce. In the recent years for endometrial cancer patients with favorable prognosis had achieved positive results in treatment with tendency to decrease in adjuvant activity. For high risk patients the level of regional and distant relapses is retained high ― 20-30%, even with chemoradiotherapy after surgical treatment. It’s also associated with inadequate lymphadenectomy like very important diagnostic tool. In this connection, we have studied the efficacy of modified method of chemoradiotherapy with prophylactic irradiation of paraaortic lymph nodes for II-III FIGO stage patients in our investigation.
COMPARISION OF DIAGNOSTIC CAPABILITIES OF MODERN METHODS SPECT/CT AND FDG PET/CT IN DETECTION OF BONE METASTASES IN PATIENTS WITH PERIPHERAL NON-SMALL-CELL LUNG CANCER
Abstract. To clarify the stage of disease and selection of adequate treatment tactics in patients with peripheral NSCLC must be rational use of radiation and nuclear diagnostic methods in diagnosis of bone metastases. The article presents the results of using a complex of modern radiation and nuclear diagnostic methods (SPECT/CT, PET/CT with FDG) in 71 patients with peripheral NSCLC to detect bone metastases. The evaluation of the diagnostic capabilities of SPECT/CT and PET/CT with FDG is presented.
CHOOSING OF SECOND AND THIRD LINE THERAPY OF GASTROINTESTINAL STROMAL TUMORS
Abstract. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are rare mesenchymal tumors. It is possible to carry out three consecutive lines of target therapy against metastatic GISTs: imatinib as first-line, sunitinib as second line and regorafenib as third line. Almost all metastatic GISTs eventually develop resistance to imatinib and sunitinib, resulting in fatal disease progression. Regorafenib is effective after the failure of imatinib and sunitinib. Some patients stop treatment due to sunitinib related toxicity. Regorafenib can be used as the second line therapy of metastatic GISTs in case of sunitinib intolerance.
POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS OF RADIOFREQUENCY ABLATION IN PATIENTS WITH LUNG TUMORS
Abstract.
Introduction. Recently, patients with distant metastases were considered inoperable and had to rely on palliative systemic chemotherapy. However, with the development of new technologies and minimally invasive operations the boundaries of curable have expanded. One of these new technologies used in the treatment of patients with lung neoplasm who had contraindications to the surgery is radiofrequency ablation. In this article we analyzed the complications of radiofrequency ablation.
COMPLEX APPROACH FOR TREATMENT OF EARLY RECTAL CANCER
Abstract. Progress in surgical technologies enables us to perform minimally invasive organ sparing procedures in cases of early diagnosis of cancer. The aim of the study was to improve the results of surgical treatment of patients with early stages of rectal cancer. The study enrolled 120 patients with rectal cancer. 40 patients were treated by transanal endoscopic microsurgery, 40 patient ― by endoscopic mucosal resection; 40 patients had conventional radical surgery. Short- and longterm results were studied. Lower morbidity rate (10%), satisfactory level of quality of life, economical advantages were observed in organ sparing surgery patients. However, local recurrence rate (10%) after TEM in patients, who could be cured by performing TME, was too high. The strategy for managing rectal cancer patient, who is the candidate for organ sparing surgery, was developed.
MODERN MULTIMODAL TREATMENT OF GASTRIC CANCER: ACHIEVEMENTS, PROSPECTS
Abstract. The author presents adopted in different regions of the world standards of multimodal treatment of patients with locally advanced gastric cancer, and the results of large multicenter randomized studies on which they are based. It is shown that adjuvant chemotherapy with S-1 and XELOX improves long-term outcomes. At the same time, the additional use of paclitaxel, the combination of the scheme FOLFIRI with docetaxel and cisplatin failed to improve the survival rate. Existing data do not allow to make unambiguous conclusion about the benefits of adjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Promising areas of researches are an use of neoadjuvant therapy, targeted therapies, the search for biomarkers to predict the prognosis and the efficacy of adjuvant therapy.
THE ASSESSMENT OF PROGNOSTIC FACTORS OF SECONDARY CYTOREDUCTIVE SURGERIES IN PATIENTS WITH OVARIAN CANCER RELAPSE
Abstract
Aim of this study was to assess risk factors affecting the possibility of optimal secondary cytoreductive surgeries, as well as factors correlating with survival in patients with ovarian cancer relapse.
TWENTY YEARS OF ROUTINE IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR CYTOGENETIC DIAGNOSTICS OF TUMORS IN TATARSTAN REPUBLIC: ACHIEVEMENTS AND CHALLENGES IN IMPLEMENTATION INTO CLINICAL PRACTICE
Abstract. Since June 1996, the Tatarstan Cancer Center (Kazan) conducted extensive diagnostic work using modern immunohistochemical, immunocytochemical and molecular cytogenetic methods based on the detection of cancer cells in a number of genes and/or specific protein molecules. The total number of tumors, we investigated using immunohistochemical method, systematically increased from 150 in 1996 to 6,250 in 2015, with each expression of tumors was evaluated from 1 to 12 (usually 4-5) and more antigens. Since 2007, genetic studies of potential targets for the treatment of breast cancer, stomach and lung are conducted. To identify the HER2 oncogene amplification 894 analyzes using chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) in 2007-2011 and 1392 studies with fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) in 2011-2016 were performed.
Such growth of advanced diagnostics requires a well-coordinated work of Oncology Center staff, ranging from administration and to technicians service. Modern morphological verification of tumors enables high-quality diagnosis and treatment of cancer patients in the Republic of Tatarstan for many years.