A.I. Ivanov1,3,4, V.A. Popov2, M.V. Burmistrov2-4
1Tatarstan Саnсеr Center, Kazan
2Republican Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Health of Tatarstan Republic, Kazan
3Kazan Federal University, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan
4Kazan State Medical Academy ― Branch Campus of the FSBEI FPE RMACPE MOH Russia, Kazan
Popov Vladimir A. ― endoscopist, researcher of the research department of the Republican Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Health of Tatarstan Republic
138 Orenburgskiy Tract, Kazan, Russian Federation, 420064, tel. +7-999-156-88-20, e-mail: lyapac@mail.ru
Abstract. Dysphagia is the most common symptom of advanced esophageal cancer. This is one of the most troubling and debilitating symptoms that gets worse as the disease progresses, leading to pain, malnutrition, decreased performance and quality of life. Progressive cachexia is a determining factor in treatment tolerance and significantly reduces life expectancy. Esophageal stenting with self-expanding metal stents is a simple, relatively safe and widely available method for the palliative treatment of dysphagia. There is a need for an individual approach to each patient, taking into account the expected life expectancy, specialized chemotherapy and radiation treatment, the location and extent of the tumor lesion, and the choice of a stent model to achieve a good clinical effect. Although stenting is a relatively safe and effective way to relieve dysphagia symptoms and improve quality of life, it also does not relieve complications that may arise in the early and late period after implantation. There are no reliable factors influencing the occurrence of complications today. According to some authors, one of these factors is the choice of the stent model. However, the question of the optimal stent design is still controversial. And large clinical trials using various stent models are needed to solve it. This work is done with the intention of getting closer to achieving this goal. For the first time, the article presents the experience of implantation of esophageal domestic stents in 28 patients with malignant dysphagia. The analysis of complications and life expectancy after stenting was performed in the study group. The results of stenting in combination with chemo-radiation therapy are also reflected in the article.
Кey words: extrinsic compression of esophagus, endoscopic stenting, self-expanding metal stents, dysphagia, esophageal anastomosis, complications of stenting.