A.Kh. Ismagilov, A.M. Akhmetzyanov, I.F. Kamaletdinov, A.A. Bogov, A.R. Gabdrakhmanova
Kazan State Medical Academy — Branch Campus of the FSBEI FPE RMACPE MOH Russia, Kazan
Kamaletdinov I.F. — PhD (Medicine), Associate Professor of the Department of Plastic Surgery
Address: 36 Butlerov St., 420012 Kazan, Russian Federation, tel.: +7-927-035-45-55, e-mail: ilnur-faritovich@mail.ru, ORCID ID: 0000-0003-4725-967X
Abstract. Breast cancer (BC), remaining a global unresolved challenge in modern oncology, necessitates improving treatment approaches. Key problems persist despite significant evolution in surgical methods — the transition from mutilating radical mastectomies to organ-preserving and reconstructive techniques. The main contemporary dilemma is the optimal balance between oncological radicality (maximum ablastics) and preserving quality of life, including aesthetic outcomes and functionality. The article presents a comprehensive analysis of the evolution of surgical approaches to breast cancer treatment, highlighting key achievements and identifying promising vectors for the development of modern mastectomy techniques.
Key words: breast cancer, mastectomy, organ-preserving operations, skin-sparing mastectomy, nipple-sparing mastectomy, breast reconstruction, quality of life