D.I. Trukhan, E.N. Degovtsov, A.F. Sulimov, D.A. Kalinichenko
Omsk State Medical University, Omsk
Trukhan D.I. – MD, Associate Professor, Professor of the Department of Polyclinic Therapy and Internal Diseases
12 Lenin St., 644043, Omsk, Russian Federation, tеl.: +7 (3812) 95-72-77, e-mail: dmitry_trukhan@mail.ru, ORCID 0000-0002-1597-1876, SPIN-code: 2414-6938,
Abstract. The International Agency for Research on Cancer predicts 35.3 million cases of cancer worldwide in 2050, which is 76.6% more than 20 million in 2022. Periodontal diseases are among the most common human diseases. At the beginning of the 21st century, the concept of «periodontal medicine» was formed, which considered the relationship of periodontal pathology with systemic diseases of the body. To date, more than 50 systemic inflammatory diseases and concomitant diseases are associated with periodontal pathology.
Bysearching for periodontitisandcancerin the Pubmeddatabase, wefound7,133publications.In the Russianliterature, the issues of the relationship between periodontaldiseasesandoncologicaldiseases of variouslocalizations have not been considered.
The review objective is to examine the relationship of esophageal and gastric cancer with periodontal diseases. The search was conducted in the Pubmed and Scopus information databases for sources, published before 03/01/2025, which examined the relationship of esophageal and gastric cancer with periodontal pathology. As part of the current review, we focused on the epidemiological aspects and possible mechanisms of the relationship of esophageal and gastric cancer with periodontal pathology.
Epidemiological and clinical studies suggest a positive association of the overall risk of esophagus and stomach cancer with periodontal diseases. Possible mechanisms of association between cancer and periodontal diseases are based on the translocation of periodontopathic bacteria, primarily potential carcinogens Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum, by the hematogenous route or along the «mouth-gastrointestinal» / «mouth-intestine» axis, followed by the chronic inflammation and immune disorders. Further study of the relationship between periodontal diseases and oncological diseases opens up new perspectives in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of esophageal and stomach cancers.
Key words: esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, periodontal disease, periodontitis, comorbidity