Z.M. Sigal, О.V. Surnina
Izhevsk State Medical Academy, Izhevsk
Republican Clinical Diagnostic Center, Izhevsk
Surnina O.V. ― Cand. Med. Sc., associate professor of topographic anatomy and operative surgery department of Izhevsk State Medical Academy; head of ultrasound diagnostics department in Republican Clinical Diagnostic Center
87B Lenin Str., Izhevsk, Russian Federation, 426009, tel. (3412) 68-38-36, е-mail: uzd-ur@mail.ru
Abstract. Differential diagnosis of thyroid neoplasms is a complex section in radiation diagnosis.
Objectives: 1. Evaluation of the advantages of ultrasound transillumination monitoring of thyroid neoplasms. 2. Increase of reliability in the early diagnosis of thyroid cancer detection for timely selection of surgical intervention.
Material and methods. 735 people aged 30 to 50 years with different formations in the thyroid gland and 200 people in the same age period without pathological changes served as the material for the study. In clinical studies, ultrasound and optical monitoring of the thyroid was performed. To investigate the pulse and non-pulse parameters of the intact and altered part of the organ, transillumination pulsooptometry was used according to Z.M. Sigal (1981).
Results. The parameters of pulse oscillation amplitude and optical density of malignant and benign formations were reliably established for transillumination pulsooptometry.
Conclusions: 1. Differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid lesions is of great practical importance and is a problem in modern oncology. The disadvantages of diagnostic methods currently used for these purposes include inadequate permanent monitoring in connection with radiation exposure, the presence of insurmountable contraindications, false positive and false negative diagnoses, iatrogenic complications, and as a result, ineffective therapeutic tactics with fatal outcomes. 2. Proposed and developed by us ultrasound transillumination monitoring of thyroid tumors includes ultrasonic navigation method of puncture biopsy and transillumination pulsed and non-pulse optometry according to Z.M. Sigal. These methods, as it turned out, timely and reliably reflect morphofunctional disorders in benign and malignant tumors of thyroid gland and allow performing effective, atraumatic and constant monitoring in conditions of pathology screening at the prehospital stage, during operations and in the postoperative period. 3. Specific values of optical density parameters and amplitude of pulse oscillations in discredited areas of the thyroid gland serve as criteria for successful monitoring of tumors.
On these specific indicators, one can judge the quality and malignancy of tumors in the thyroid gland, the homogeneous cyst without a solid component, and the thyroid adenoma.
Key words: thyroid gland, malignant formations, benign formations, pulsometry, ultrasonography.